When the owner of a traditional IRA chooses to convert to a Roth IRA the conversion can be done using three methods. Refer to roth-ira.org for the methods. Once the method has been decided upon there are certain rules that are to be followed in converting the account to a Roth IRA. Following these rules ensure that the process of conversion is carried out in a smooth and penalty free manner.
In rolling over the property or funds from a traditional IRA to a Roth IRA one must ensure that the entire amount is transferred into the Roth IRA. If a person chooses to withhold a part of the money withdrawn for the purpose of conversion from the traditional IRA, the 10% additional tax for early distributions will be levied on the amount that is withheld. Besides, it is absolutely necessary that the transfer/investment be made before 60 days from the date of withdrawal.
If the owner of the traditional IRA has started to take equal and periodic payments from the account then these amounts in the traditional IRA can be converted into a Roth IRA, and the periodic payments can be resumed. This way, the 10% tax on early distributions does not apply even if the distributions are not qualified. However it is mandatory that they are a part of the series of payments and the payments ought to be equal amounts. However, one cannot convert amounts that have been designated to be distributed for the year in question. The distribution rule prevents this amount from being converted.
After converting your traditional IRA into a Roth IRA it is mandatory that you add the distributions you gain from it for that year, to your gross income even though the account has now been converted into a Roth IRA.